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Spanish · Study sheet
Conjugation tables for estar and tener, the Spanish days of the week, and health words such as rash and surgery with an example sentence each. Read them, then try a few practice questions. Free, no sign-up needed.
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These words and phrases are study vocabulary for students. They are never a substitute for a trained medical interpreter.
1 · Conjugation
Pick a verb to see its present, preterite, imperfect and future forms. Each table follows the rule written under it.
estar · to be (position, location, action, condition, emotion)
Gerund (-ndo form): estando · Past participle: estado
| Who | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | estoy |
| tú | estás |
| él / ella / usted | está |
| nosotros / nosotras | estamos |
| vosotros / vosotras | estáis |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | están |
Rule: Regular -ar endings on the stem est-, except that the yo form is estoy and the tú, usted/él/ella and ustedes/ellos/ellas forms carry a written accent.
| Who | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | estuve |
| tú | estuviste |
| él / ella / usted | estuvo |
| nosotros / nosotras | estuvimos |
| vosotros / vosotras | estuvisteis |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estuvieron |
Rule: Irregular u-stem estuv- with the endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron and no written accents.
| Who | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | estaba |
| tú | estabas |
| él / ella / usted | estaba |
| nosotros / nosotras | estábamos |
| vosotros / vosotras | estabais |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estaban |
Rule: Regular: the -ar imperfect endings -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban on the stem est-.
| Who | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | estaré |
| tú | estarás |
| él / ella / usted | estará |
| nosotros / nosotras | estaremos |
| vosotros / vosotras | estaréis |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estarán |
Rule: The whole infinitive estar plus -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.
Position and location · where something or someone is
Ramiro está en la oficina. (Ramiro is at the office.)
Action in progress · estar plus a verb ending in -ando
Luis está estudiando. (Luis is studying.)
Condition and feelings · states and emotions
Laura está preocupada. (Laura is worried.)
2 · Days of the week
The seven days, how to say “every” one, and four writing rules. Hide the English to check yourself.
| Spanish | English | Every … |
|---|---|---|
| lunes | Monday | los lunes |
| martes | Tuesday | los martes |
| miércoles | Wednesday | los miércoles |
| jueves | Thursday | los jueves |
| viernes | Friday | los viernes |
| sábado | Saturday | los sábados |
| domingo | Sunday | los domingos |
3 · Health words
Type a word in English or Spanish, such as rash, surgery, fever, sarpullido or cirugía.
Looked up most
22 words and phrases in the full list below.
4 · Full list
22 entries in 5 groups. Each has a plain meaning and a made-up example sentence with its English.
A body temperature higher than normal. The MedlinePlus page defines it as “una temperatura del cuerpo más elevada de lo normal”.
In a sentence: La lección explica qué es la fiebre. (The lesson explains what a fever is.)
A reflex that keeps the throat and airways clear. The MedlinePlus page also says it helps the body protect itself.
In a sentence: Hoy estudiamos la palabra tos. (Today we study the word tos.)
A headache, literally “pain of head”. The same page gives cefalea as another name for it. Dolor is pain or ache, and the plural is dolores.
In a sentence: Anota dolor de cabeza en tu lista de palabras. (Write down dolor de cabeza on your word list.)
Dizziness. The MedlinePlus page says it can leave a person aturdido, mareado or inestable (lightheaded, dizzy or unsteady). It is not the same as vértigo.
In a sentence: En el vocabulario, mareo va con mareado. (In the vocabulary list, mareo goes with mareado.)
The MedlinePlus page defines it as “la sensación de que usted o la habitación dan vueltas, incluso cuando nada se mueve”: a feeling that you or the room is spinning even when nothing moves.
In a sentence: El libro separa mareo y vértigo. (The book separates mareo and vértigo.)
Itching. The rash page uses it for a symptom, and uses the verb pican (they itch): “Muchos sarpullidos son rojos, dolorosos, irritados y pican.”
In a sentence: La palabra picazón tiene acento en la última sílaba. (The word picazón has an accent on the last syllable.)
A rash. The MedlinePlus page says: “Un sarpullido es un área en la piel que está irritada o inflamada” (a rash is an area of skin that is irritated or inflamed).
In a sentence: La clase aprende la palabra sarpullido hoy. (The class learns the word sarpullido today.)
Another name for a rash on the same page. The shorter la erupción is also used by itself there.
In a sentence: Erupción en la piel es otro nombre para sarpullido. (Erupción en la piel is another name for sarpullido.)
Skin. It is the part of the body the rash page describes as irritated or inflamed in a rash.
In a sentence: La piel es una palabra básica del vocabulario. (La piel is a basic vocabulary word.)
Surgery, the general word for the procedure. The MedlinePlus surgery page opens with “Existen muchas razones para someterse a una cirugía.”
In a sentence: El tema de hoy es la cirugía. (Today’s topic is surgery.)
An operation. The same page uses it where English uses operation, for example “utilizan pequeñas herramientas para realizar la operación”.
In a sentence: En la lista, operación va junto a cirugía. (In the list, operación goes next to cirugía.)
A surgeon, the person who does a surgery. The page uses the plural los cirujanos.
In a sentence: Los cirujanos aparecen en el capítulo cinco. (Surgeons appear in chapter five.)
Anesthesia. It is a word on the surgery page, which mentions reactions to anesthesia.
In a sentence: La palabra anestesia es parecida al inglés. (The word anestesia is similar to English.)
The Spanish way to say someone has a fever is with tener. The MedlinePlus page writes “Tiene fiebre porque su cuerpo está tratando de matar el virus o las bacterias…”.
In a sentence: En el ejercicio, la frase es: Ana tiene fiebre. (In the exercise, the phrase is: Ana has a fever.)
Headache also goes with tener. The MedlinePlus page writes “si tiene dolor de cabeza después de un golpe”.
In a sentence: En el ejercicio, la frase es: Beto tiene dolor de cabeza. (In the exercise, the phrase is: Beto has a headache.)
Spanish uses tener for age, not ser or estar: tener plus the number plus años (years).
In a sentence: Tú tienes veinticinco años. (You are twenty-five years old.)
Tener que plus an infinitive expresses an obligation.
In a sentence: Nosotros tenemos que estudiar para el examen. (We have to study for the exam.)
A condition, so it takes estar. The estar page gives “Estoy enfermo.” (I am sick.) Use enferma for a woman.
In a sentence: Estoy enfermo hoy. (I am sick today.)
Mareado (or mareada for a woman) is the adjective that goes with mareo, and a condition takes estar.
In a sentence: Rosa está mareada. (Rosa is dizzy.)
A condition or feeling, so it takes estar. The estar page gives “Laura está preocupada.”
In a sentence: Laura está preocupada. (Laura is worried.)
Location takes estar. The estar page gives “Ramiro está en la oficina.” (Ramiro is at the office.)
In a sentence: Inés está en casa. (Inés is at home.)
An action in progress: a form of estar plus a verb ending in -ando, as in “Luis está estudiando.”
In a sentence: Ellos están hablando. (They are talking.)
5 · Practice questions
Present forms of estar and tener, the days of the week, and a few health words. Every answer is explained and linked to the page. Your result is free: no sign-up needed.
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Sources
The verb forms, rules and day words follow these open Spanish course pages, and the health words follow these MedlinePlus pages in Spanish, in our own words. The example sentences and practice questions are ours, and the people in them are made up. Courses sometimes teach a form or a use differently, so check your own course.
Questions
Estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están. It follows the regular -ar pattern except that the yo form is estoy and the tú, usted/él/ella and ustedes/ellos/ellas forms carry a written accent. The tables above add the 3 other tenses.
Tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen. The yo form is irregular, and e changes to ie in the tú, usted/él/ella and ustedes/ellos/ellas forms; nosotros and vosotros keep the plain stem.
The LibreTexts page we read lists position, location, action, condition and emotion: for example “Ramiro está en la oficina”, “Luis está estudiando” and “Laura está preocupada”.
With tener: tener plus the number plus años, as in “Tú tienes veinticinco años.”
lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday), domingo (Sunday). They are not capitalized in Spanish. Use el for one day and los for something that repeats.
The MedlinePlus page we read mainly uses sarpullido, and also lists erupción en la piel. It describes a sarpullido as an area of skin that is irritated or inflamed.
Cirugía. The same MedlinePlus page uses operación where English says operation, and cirujanos for surgeons.
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